WORKING GROUP "NATURAL STONES AND WEATHERING"

Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments


Reference:
FITZNER, B.& HEINRICHS, K. (2004): Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments.
http://www.stone.rwth-aachen.de

Group 1 - Loss of stone material
Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Monastery, Birkenfeld / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: 45 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Masonry, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 70 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of scales (sW)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Khazne / Treasury, Petra / Jordan
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 75 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of crumbs / splinters (uW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of crumbs / splinters (uW)
Stone type: Tuff
Location: Minster, Neuss / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 80 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of crumbs / splinters (uW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of crumbs / splinters (uW)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Castle, Bad Kösen / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of stone layers dependent on stone structure (xW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of stone layers dependent on stone structure (xW)
Stone type: Greywacke
Location: St. Lambertus Church, Monschau-Kalterherberg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of stone layers dependent on stone structure (xW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of stone layers dependent on stone structure (xW)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Stela, Nemrut Dag / Turkey
Scale:Height of the stela: appr. 2.2 m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of crusts (cW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of crusts (cW)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: St. Georg Church, Dinkelsbühl / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of crusts (cW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of crusts (cW)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Hannover / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Back weathering due to loss of undefinable stone aggregates / pieces (zW) Weathering form: Back weathering due to loss of undefinable stone aggregates / pieces (zW)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Wall, Malta
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 55 cm
 
 
 
 
Rounding / notching (Ro) Weathering form: Rounding / notching (Ro)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Wall, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stones: appr. 20 cm
 
 
 
 
Rounding / notching (Ro) Weathering form: Rounding / notching (Ro)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: St. Johannes Church, Weinsberg / Germany
Scale:Width of the grave stone: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alveolar weathering (Ra) Weathering form: Alveolar weathering (Ra)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Citadel, Victoria - Gozo / Malta
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Alveolar weathering (Ra) Weathering form: Alveolar weathering (Ra)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Zwingenberg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Alveolar weathering (Ra) Weathering form: Alveolar weathering (Ra)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Palace Tomb, Petra / Jordan
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 1 m
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weathering out dependent on stone structure (tR) Weathering form: Weathering out dependent on stone structure (tR)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: St. Stephan Chapel, Ergersheim / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Weathering out dependent on stone structure (tR) Weathering form: Weathering out dependent on stone structure (tR)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Cathedral, Naumburg / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
Weathering out of stone components (Rk) Weathering form: Weathering out of stone components (Rk)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Cathedral, Malaga / Spain
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 25 cm
 
 
 
 
Weathering out of stone components (Rk) Weathering form: Weathering out of stone components (Rk)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Zwingenberg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Weathering out of stone components (Rk) Weathering form: Weathering out of stone components (Rk)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Monastery, Dafni / Greece
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 25 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Clearing out of stone components (Rh) Weathering form: Clearing out of stone components (Rh)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Cathedral, Naumburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Clearing out of stone components (Rh) Weathering form: Clearing out of stone components (Rh)
Stone type: Conglomerate
Location: Monastery, Monserrat / Spain
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Roughening (Rr) Weathering form: Roughening (Rr)
Stone type: Marble
Location: Sculpture, Venice / Italy
Scale:Height of the head: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Microkarst (Rm) Weathering form: Microkarst (Rm)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Head of a statue (Apollo), Nemrud Dag / Turkey
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
Pitting (Rt) Weathering form: Pitting (Rt)
Stone type: Marble
Location: Rialto Bridge, Venice / Italy
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 20 cm
 
 
 
 
Relief due to anthropogenic impact (aR) Weathering form: Relief due to anthropogenic impact (aR)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Karnak Temple, Luxor / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 75 cm
 
 
 
 
Break out due to anthropogenic impact (aO) Weathering form: Break out due to anthropogenic impact (aO)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Sculptural decoration, Angkor / Cambodia
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Break out due to anthropogenic impact (aO) Weathering form: Break out due to anthropogenic impact (aO)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: St. Wenzel Church, Naumburg / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 4 m
 
 
 
 
Break out due to constructional cause (bO) Weathering form: Break out due to constructional cause (bO)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Cathedral, Aachen / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 55 cm
 
 
 
 
Break out due to natural cause (nO) Weathering form: Break out due to natural cause (nO)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Palace Tomb, Petra / Jordan
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 12 m
 
 
 
 
Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO) Weathering form: Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Relief, Venice / Italy
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 2 m
 
 
 
 
Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO) Weathering form: Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Luxor Temple, Luxor / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 55 cm
 
 
 
 
Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO) Weathering form: Break out due to non-recognizable cause (oO)
Stone type: Marble
Location: Acropolis, Athens / Greece
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 2 m