Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments
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Weathering form: | Coloration (Dc) |
| Stone type: | Marble | |
| Location: | Certosa, Pavia / Italy | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 40 cm |
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Weathering form: | Coloration (Dc) |
| Stone type: | Soapstone | |
| Location: | Sculpture, Congonhas / Brazil | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 15 cm |
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Weathering form: | Bleaching (Db) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Residential house, Aachen / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 45 cm |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by particles from the atmosphere (pI) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Cathedral, Zeitz / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 1.5 m |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by particles from the atmosphere (pI) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Mosque, Cairo / Egypt | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 55 cm |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by particles from water (wI) |
| Stone type: | Basaltic lava, tuff | |
| Location: | University, Aachen / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 115 cm |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by droppings (gI) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Cathedral, Naumburg / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 80 cm |
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Weathering form: | Soiling due to anthropogenic impact (aI) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Masonry, Cairo / Egypt | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 1 m |
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Weathering form: | Efflorescences (Ee) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Mosque, Cairo / Egypt | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 60 cm |
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Weathering form: | Efflorescences (Ee) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Masonry, Zeitz / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 90 cm |
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Weathering form: | Subflorescences (Ef) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | St. Stephan Chapel, Ergersheim / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 25 cm |
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Weathering form: | Subflorescences (Ef) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Horus Temple, Edfu / Egypt | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 15 cm |
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Weathering form: | Dark-colored crust tracing the surface (dkC) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Cathedral, Halberstadt / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 1 m |
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Weathering form: | Dark-colored crust tracing the surface (dkC) |
| Stone type: | Tuff | |
| Location: | Monastery, Knechtsteden / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 80 cm |
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Weathering form: | Dark-colored crust changing the surface (diC) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Sculpture, Cathedral, Naumburg / Germany | Scale: | Height of the head: appr. 30 cm |
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Weathering form: | Light-colored crust tracing the surface (hkC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Ed-Der / Monastery, Petra / Jordan | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 35 cm |
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Weathering form: | Light-colored crust changing the surface (hiC) |
| Stone type: | Porous limestone | |
| Location: | Mosque, Cairo / Egypt | Scale: | Width of the dimension stone: appr. 30 cm |
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Weathering form: | Light-colored crust changing the surface (hiC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Castle, Gelnhausen / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 1.5 m |
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Weathering form: | Colored crust tracing the surface (fkC) |
| Stone type: | Marble | |
| Location: | Sanctuary of Demeter, Eleusis / Greece | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 55 cm |
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Weathering form: | Colored crust tracing the surface (fkC) |
| Stone type: | Quartzite | |
| Location: | Church of Sao Francisco des Assis, Ouro Preto / Brazil | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 30 cm |
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Weathering form: | Colored crust changing the surface (fiC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Tomb carved from bedrocks, Petra / Jordan | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 20 cm |
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Weathering form: | Microbiological colonization (Bi) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Sculpture, Torcello / Italy | Scale: | Width of the head: appr. 20 cm |
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Weathering form: | Microbiological colonization (Bi) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Castle, Haut Koenigsbourg / France | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 35 cm |
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Weathering form: | Microbiological colonization (Bi) |
| Stone type: | Tuff | |
| Location: | Moai, Easter Island / Chile | Scale: | Height of the statue: appr. 5 m |
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Weathering form: | Colonization by higher plants (Bh) |
| Stone type: | Sandstones | |
| Location: | Temple, Angkor / Cambodia | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 5 m |
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Weathering form: | Colonization by higher plants (Bh) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Lion Triclinium, Petra / Jordan | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 2 m |
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Weathering form: | Colonization by higher plants (Bh) |
| Stone type: | Travertine | |
| Location: | Wall, Meersburg / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 1 m |
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Weathering form: | Coloration to dark colored crust tracing the surface (Dc-dkC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Town hall, Hamburg / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 1.4 m |
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Weathering form: | Coloration to colored crust tracing the surface (Dc-fkC) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Cathedral, Halberstadt / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 80 cm |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by particles from the atmosphere to dark-colored crust tracing the surface (pI-dkC) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | Town hall, Aachen / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 2 m |
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Weathering form: | Soiling by particles from the atmosphere to dark-colored crust changing the surface (pI-diC) |
| Stone type: | Limestone | |
| Location: | St. Wenzel Church, Naumburg / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 25 cm |
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Weathering form: | Efflorescences to light-colored crust tracing the surface (Ee-hkC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Castle, Nuremberg / Germany | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 1.3 m |
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Weathering form: | Efflorescences to light-colored crust tracing the surface (Ee-hkC) |
| Stone type: | Tuff | |
| Location: | St. Martin Church, Düsseldorf / Germany | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 50 cm |
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Weathering form: | Efflorescences to light-colored crust tracing the surface (Ee-hkC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone | |
| Location: | Temple of the Winged Lion, Petra / Jordan | Scale: | Height of the image: appr. 1.2 m |
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Weathering form: | Microbiological colonization to dark-colored crust tracing the surface (Bi-dkC) |
| Stone type: | Quartzite | |
| Location: | Monastery, Caraca / Brazil | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 1.3 m |
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Weathering form: | Microbiological colonization to dark-colored crust tracing the surface (Bi-dkC) |
| Stone type: | Sandstone / limestone | |
| Location: | Collegiate Church, Thann / France | Scale: | Width of the image: appr. 1 m |