WORKING GROUP "NATURAL STONES AND WEATHERING"

Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments


Reference:
FITZNER, B.& HEINRICHS, K. (2004): Photo atlas of weathering forms on stone monuments.
http://www.stone.rwth-aachen.de

Group 3 – Detachment
Granular disintegration into powder (Gp) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into powder (Gp)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Cathedral, Cadiz / Spain
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into sand (Gs) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into sand (Gs)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: University, Aachen / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into sand (Gs) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into sand (Gs)
Stone type: Quartzite
Location: Museu da Inconfidencia, Ouro Preto / Brazil
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into grus (Gg) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into grus (Gg)
Stone type: Granite
Location: Karnak Temple, Luxor / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Crumbling (Pu) Weathering form: Crumbling (Pu)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: City wall, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Crumbling (Pu) Weathering form: Crumbling (Pu)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Mosque, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crumbling (Pu) Weathering form: Crumbling (Pu)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Schillingsfürst / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Splintering (Pn) Weathering form: Splintering (Pn)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Sanctuary of Demeter, Eleusis / Greece
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 35 cm
 
 
 
 
Crumbling to splintering (Pu-Pn) Weathering form: Crumbling to splintering (Pu-Pn)
Stone type: Quartzite
Location: Town hall, Aachen / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Single flakes (eF) Weathering form: Single flakes (eF)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Ludwigsburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
Multiple flakes (mF) Weathering form: Multiple flakes (mF)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Mosque, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
Scale due to tooling of the stone surface (qS) Weathering form: Scale due to tooling of the stone surface (qS)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Pillar, Cairo, Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Scale due to tooling of the stone surface (qS) Weathering form: Scale due to tooling of the stone surface (qS)
Stone type: Marble
Location: Sanctuary of Demeter, Eleusis / Greece
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 35 cm
 
 
 
 
Single scale (eS) Weathering form: Single scale (eS)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: University, Aachen / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Single scale (eS) Weathering form: Single scale (eS)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Ludwigsburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
Multiple scales (mS) Weathering form: Multiple scales (mS)
Stone type: Mudstone
Location: Cheonjeon-Ri Petroglyph, Ulsan / Korea
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 115 cm
 
 
 
 
Multiple scales (mS) Weathering form: Multiple scales (mS)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Monastery, Birkenfeld / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
Exfoliation (Xl) Weathering form: Exfoliation (Xl)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Cathedral, Zeitz / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exfoliation (Xl) Weathering form: Exfoliation (Xl)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Castle, Heidelberg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Splitting up (Xv) Weathering form: Splitting up (Xv)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Church, Iphofen / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Splitting up (Xv) Weathering form: Splitting up (Xv)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Residence, Würzburg / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 60 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Detachment of a dark-colored crust tracing the surface (dkK) Weathering form: Detachment of a dark-colored crust tracing the surface (dkK)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Cathedral, Naumburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Detachment of a dark-colored crust changing the surface (diK) Weathering form: Detachment of a dark-colored crust changing the surface (diK)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Cathedral, Magdeburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Detachment of a dark-colored crust changing the surface (diK) Weathering form: Detachment of a dark-colored crust changing the surface (diK)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: City wall, Naumburg / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 25 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Detachment of a light-colored crust changing the surface (hiK) Weathering form: Detachment of a light-colored crust changing the surface (hiK)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Thorn house, Bad Kösen / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 40 cm
 
 
 
 
Detachment of a light-colored crust changing the stone surface (hiK) Weathering form: Detachment of a light-colored crust changing the stone surface (hiK)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: El Merdani Mosque, Cairo / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 25 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into sand to single flakes (Gs-eF) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into sand to single flakes (Gs-eF)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Chapel, Ergersheim / Germany
Scale:Height of the image: appr. 55 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into sand to single flakes (Gs-eF) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into sand to single flakes (Gs-eF)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Thorne house, Bad Dürkheim / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into grus to single flakes (Gg-eF) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into grus to single flakes (Gg-eF)
Stone type: Quartz porphyry
Location: Chapel, Wettin / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 85 cm
 
 
 
 
Granular disintegration into grus to single flakes (Gg-eF) Weathering form: Granular disintegration into grus to single flakes (Gg-eF)
Stone type: Granite
Location: Sphinx Temple, Giza / Egypt
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 1 m
 
 
 
 
Single flakes to crumbling (eF-Pu) Weathering form: Single flakes to crumbling (eF-Pu)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Megalithic Temple of Ggantija, Gozo / Malta
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 35 cm
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crumbling to single scale (Pu-eS) Weathering form: Crumbling to single scale (Pu-eS)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Slab, Giza / Egypt
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 45 cm
 
 
 
 
Splintering to single scale (Pn-eS) Weathering form: Splintering to single scale (Pn-eS)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Acropolis, Athens / Greece
Scale:Width of the dimension stone: appr. 50 cm
 
 
 
 
Single flakes to single scale (eF-eS) Weathering form: Single flakes to single scale (eF-eS)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Cathedral, Aachen / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 30 cm
 
 
 
 
Multiple flakes to multiple scales (mF-mS) Weathering form: Multiple flakes to multiple scales (mF-mS)
Stone type: Sandstone
Location: Monastery, Birkenfeld / Germany
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 90 cm
 
 
 
 
Multiple flakes to multiple scales (mF-mS) Weathering form: Multiple flakes to multiple scales (mF-mS)
Stone type: Limestone
Location: Megalithic Temple of Ggantija, Gozo / Malta
Scale:Width of the image: appr. 35 cm